Proceeding of International Conference on Medical Science & Health

A Case Report: Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Rifampicin Induced Bullous Pemphigoid

Mohamad Zacky Amirullah, Zen Ahmad — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Acute tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that results from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) infection.Although tuberculosis disease primarily impacts the lung parenchyma (pulmonary TB), this bacterium is also capable of infecting other organs (extra-pulmonary TB). Management uses a combination of several OATs over a certain period of time with treatment side effects which often become serious problems, causing patient non-compliance in taking medication. This article reports the case of a 44 year old man, who presented with multiple tense bullae on top of erythematous plaque some with crust distributed on generalized, after 2 weeks of taking OAT. Sputum examination revealed MTB detected medium, Rif Resistance Not Detected. From the chest x-ray results, it was found that there were infiltrates in the left lung field. The patient was diagnosed with a new case of pulmonary TB and bullous pemphigoid skin eruption which was suspected to be an OAT induced. The skin lesion in the form of a crusted maculo-bullous rash, based on the classification of skin lesions by the 2018 International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) field guideline, is classified as grade 3 (severe). Management using the treating through method continues the administration of OAT accompanied by additional oral steroid and anti-histamine therapy, then close observation during administration of OAT. After clinical improvement, the patient will then be monitored regarding drug side effects and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during treatment through routine monthly evaluations at the RSMH DOTS polyclinic. Adverse effects often occur during pulmonary TB treatment and affect the success rate of treatment. Only 2% of adverse drug reactions on the skin occur due to OAT when treating pulmonary TB. It is important for us to monitor ADRs to ensure safety during treatment and improve patient quality of life. Therefore, a comprehensive approach starting from providing appropriate therapy, managing side effects as well as clinical monitoring and support during treatment is very important to achieve patient recovery.

Scoping Review of Degenerative Disease in Pregnancy

Niken Bayu Argaheni, Septiana Juwita, Erika Agung Mulyaningsih — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on degenerative diseases occurring during pregnancy, focusing on their prevalence, clinical presentation, management, and impact on maternal and fetal health. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases, including 11 relevant studies. These studies were analyzed to identify common degenerative diseases, their associated risk factors, diagnostic strategies, and available treatment options. Results: The scoping review revealed a broad spectrum of degenerative diseases encountered during pregnancy, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and maternal hypertension, among others. These conditions often pose significant challenges to both maternal and fetal well-being. The review also highlighted the importance of early detection and comprehensive management strategies. Conclusion: Degenerative diseases in pregnancy are a complex and multifaceted issue that requires further research and awareness. This scoping review offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in this area, serving as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to address these challenges and improve the care of pregnant individuals with degenerative disease.

The Role of the Government in Reducing Stunting in Indonesia To Realize the Golden Generation 2045

Nopirina Nopirina, Melisa Melisa, Raesitha Zildjianda — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

UN statistics 2020 recorded that more than 149 million (22%) children under five worldwide are stunted, of which 6.3 million are early childhood or stunted toddlers are Indonesian toddlers. Stunting is caused by malnourished children within two years of their age, malnourished mothers during pregnancy, and poor sanitation. Currently, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 21.6%, while the target to be achieved is 14% by 2024. For this reason, joint efforts are needed to achieve the targets that have been set, one of which starts from the smallest unit in society, namely the family. The formulation of the problem in this study is (1) What are the causes of stunting in Indonesia (2) What is the role of the government to reduce stunting in Indonesia? The result of this study is that malnutrition at an early age increases infant and child mortality, causing sufferers to get sick easily and have a posture that is not optimal as an adult. The cognitive abilities of the sufferers are also reduced, resulting in long-term economic losses for Indonesia. As a result, this generation will find it more difficult to master science and technology because of weaker analytical skills. The cause of stunting can occur since the child is in the womb. This is due to the problem of mothers and children who lack access to healthy and nutritious food, low intake of vitamins and minerals. Government efforts to prevent stunting are carried out through programs, first Improving Community Nutrition through the Supplementary Feeding (PMT) program to improve children's nutritional status. Second, Environment- based sanitation through improving the quality of environmental sanitation in 250 villages in 60 regencies/cities, with priority targets in villages with high stunting prevalence rates. Third, the budget of each village in this program is 100 million, with a minimum target of 20 households served by healthy individual latrines and handwashing with soap and policies targeting poor people so that there is behavior change. Fourth, the construction of instructors.

Pathophysiology, Subtypes, Diagnostic Support, and Treatment Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis: A Literature Review

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to demyelination and disability. This review discusses the pathophysiology, subtypes, diagnostic tests, and management strategies of MS. By exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms and recent advancements in treatment, this article aims to provide valuable insights for medical practitioners treating patients with MS. The pathology of MS involves demyelination plaques, neuronal and axonal degradation, and astrocyte scarring. Genetic predisposition to MS is associated with a cross-reaction between environmental antigens and myelin components, oligodendrocytes, or myelin proteins. This reaction leads to T lymphocyte sensitization and autoreactivity against myelin and oligodendrocytes. MS is classified into three main subtypes: Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS), and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS). Diagnosis involves Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and clinical evaluation, with additional supportive tests including evoked potentials and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. Management consists of relapse therapy and long-term therapy, with relapse therapy administered during relapses and long-term therapy tailored to the MS subtype, involving early administration of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) to slow disease progression.

Study on the Addition of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) as Inhibitor Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4)

Nurul Rosadinah, Suharso Suharso, Agung Abadi Kiswandono — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the oil and gas industry, a common problem is salt deposition on the walls of fluid flow processing equipment, especially on heat transfer surfaces and on the surfaces of evaporation equipment. This deposition is undesirable because it causes scale formation which can affect heat transfer as well as reduce efficiency and prevent flow in the process fluid. To overcome this, this research was used ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as inhibitor calcium sulfate (CaSO4). The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of EDTA in inhibiting the formation of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) scale.

Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as inhibitor calcium sulfate (CaSO4) with methods unseeded experiment and seeded experiment at temperature of 90 ℃ with variations in the concentration of the growth solution 0.1; 0.15; and 0.2 M and variations in inhibitor 5, 15, 25, 35, dan 45%. Results: Percent

effectiveness value obtained at growth solution concentration of 0.1; 0.15; 0,2 M and inhibitor concentration of 5% using the unseeded experiment method was 86.296%; 77.435%; 68.354%. Percent effectiveness value obtained at growth solution concentration of 0.1; 0.15; 0.2 M and inhibitor concentration of 5% using the seeded experiment method was 89.385%; 38.182%; 62.532%. The most effective percent effectiveness value obtained at growth solution concentration of 0.1 M and inhibitor concentration of 5% using the unseeded experiment method was 86.296%. The most effective percent effectiveness value obtained at growth solution concentration of 0.1 M and inhibitor concentration of 5% using the seeded experiment method was 89.385%.

Phytochemical Test and Effectiveness of Binahong Extract as Antibacterial and its Potential on Full Thickness Wound Diameter in Rattus Norvegicus

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Binahong is a plant that contains active compounds and has potential as an anti-oxidant, anti- inflammatory, and anti-bacterial. The active compounds of binahong plants have been widely studied to play a role in the phases of the wound healing process. This study examined the phytochemicals, the potential of the extract as an antibacterial, and the effectiveness of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) gel on the diameter of full-thickness wounds in Rattus norvegicus rats. This type of research is in vitro and in vivo, using a true experimental post- test control design. Bacteria used in the study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, were tested using concentrations of binahong extract at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The research sample was Rattus norvegicus rats, which were divided into 5 treatment groups: negative control, positive control, and binahong gel doses of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The parameters used for the antibacterial test were the zone of inhibition and wound healing parameters seen from the measurement of wound diameter carried out on day 14. Statistical tests used descriptive analysis and one-way ANOVA test. The phytochemical screening test of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) extract contains alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, saponin, and tannin compounds. Binahong extract effectively inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. There is a clear zone, which is the zone of inhibition. The most effective concentration of binahong extract in inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was obtained at a concentration of 75% and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 25%. The results of the one-way anova test showed that there was a significant difference in the mean wound diameter between treatment groups (p<0.05). Games Howell's post hoc test found that the dose of binahong gel that is effective in wound healing is found in the 10% dose of binahong gel. Binahong contains active compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins that have the potential to be antibacterial and proven in wound healing, as seen from the decrease in wound diameter.

Education on Packaging Techniques to Increase the Quality of Healthy Food Products made from Growol (Fermented cassava)

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Growol is traditional fermented cassava from Yogyakarta. Previous studies found that growol has the potential to be developed as a healthy food product mainly for diabetics. Growol products were proven as a source of dietary fiber with a low glycemic index. Hilirisation of the research product was effective through micro and medium enterprises (UMKM). However, appropriate packaging techniques are needed to keep the quality assurance of these healthy products. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of education on packaging techniques on the knowledge of entrepreneurs of micro and medium enterprises in Nomporejo, Galur Subdistrict, Kulonprogo District. It was a quasi-experimental study with one group pre and post-test design. Education on packaging techniques was used, and the discussion lecture continued with a demonstration of the vacuum packaging technique. The effectiveness of the lecture was evaluated with pre-test and post-test questionnaires. Scores were analyzed by using the Shapiro-Wilk test to describe the distribution of data and continued with the Wilcoxon test to describe differences between post- test and pre-test. Distribution data of post-test and pre-test scores were not normal with p<0.001 and p=0.002 respectively. Education on packaging techniques significantly increased the knowledge of participants (p=0.007). Education on packaging techniques with a discussion lecture continued with a demonstration of these techniques were effective in increasing knowledge. We expect that this finding can be put into practice to increase the quality of healthy products made from growol. We also have expectancy it will support promoting the hilirisation of growol-based products mainly as alternative products for diabetic patients effectively.

Education Using Website-Based Electronic Modules Increasing Pregnant Women's Intentions in Birth Prevention Low Birth Weight Babies in Indonesia

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Low Birth Weight (LBW) Babies are one of the most significant contributors to infant mortality. Reducing the incidence of LBW can be done starting from the mother's pregnancy. Education using website-based electronic modules is an effort to increase mothers' intention to carry out prevention to reduce the risk of LBW births. This study aims to determine the effect of education using electronic modules on pregnant women's intentions to prevent LBW. This study used a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The sample size that met the inclusion criteria was 73 pregnant women in the first and second trimesters who lived in the working areas of the Nanggulan Health Center, Lendah II Health Center, and Pengasih II Health Center. The total sample was 35 respondents in the experimental group and 38 in the control group. The intervention group was given education using a website-based electronic module, and the control group used a printed module. The research instrument used a socio-demographic questionnaire to prevent LBW. The data normality test used the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the data analysis used the t-test. The research results show that the intention before education using website- based electronic modules had an average of 58.49, and after being given education, there was an average increase of 64.83. In the results of the mean intention after being given education, there were differences in the two groups with sig value results. (2-tailed) 0.000 (p<0.05) means that providing education using website- based electronic modules increases mothers' intention to prevent LBW. Health promotion regarding the prevention of LBW is essential for pregnant women, and education using website-based electronic modules is a good choice of educational media in efforts to prevent the incidence of LBW.

Activity Daily Living Reducing Joint Pain in the Elderly

Ratna Indriawati, Agitya Dwi — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Joint pain is a major problem that will affect daily activities in the elderly. One of the ways to reduce joint
pain in the elderly is to do joint motion physical exercises. Stiff joints, limited movement, slow acting
time, unsteadiness when walking, poor balance, circulatory disorders, vision problems, hearing problems,
touch problems, and joint pain lead to reduced activity in daily living ADL. This study aims to analyze the
effect of daily activities on reducing joint pain. This research utilized a quasi-experimental with one group
pretest– posttest design. Pain scale used the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). ADL was measured using the
Katz S index. The population of this study was elderly aged 60-74 years. The samples were selected using
a purposive sampling technique, totaling 26 people in the treatment group who met the inclusion criteria.
The independent variable in this study was performing daily activities (ADL), and the dependent variable
was the elderly with complaints of joint pain. Paired Simple T-test to assess significance in the pre-
treatment and post-treatment groups. There were 24 elderly who experienced a decrease in joint pain. The
results showed that there was a significant difference after carrying out the activity (p = 0.001). ADL is
effective in reducing joint pain in the elderly.

Plain Lumbosacral X-ray Findings for Low Back Pain and the Correlation With Patient Characteristics

Reni Ibrahim, Lia Galih Yogyatama, Rachmi Fauziah Rahayu — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a condition characterized by pain in the lower back and can disrupt daily activities. The most common causes of LBP are mechanical causes and degenerative processes. A plain lumbosacral X- ray examination is essential to evaluate radiological findings for LBP. The study aimed to investigate the plain lumbosacral X-ray findings for LBP and conducted their correlation with patient characteristics represented by gender, age, and BMI. This is an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach on patients with LBP confirmed by plain lumbosacral X-rays. The data was obtained from October 2022 to September 2023 at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. Of the 77 eligible samples, most LBP cases were found in females (n=44;57.1%), age groups of 60 years and older (n=33;42.9%), and BMI was overweight (n=37;48.1%). The most radiographic findings for LBP were abnormal features (n=58;75.3%) and most established spondylosis (n=34;44.2%). The radiographic findings for LBP were not significantly correlated with gender, age, and BMI (p>0.05). LBP cases were more prevalent in females, age groups of 60 years and older, and BMI was overweight. The radiographic findings established more spondylosis cases and presented no significant correlation with patient characteristics.

Metagenomic Analysis for Identifying Co-Infections in Covid-19 Patients: Review

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The COVID-19 pandemic continues and fluctuates posing unprecedented challenges to global healthcare systems, requiring a comprehensive understanding of viral and microbial interactions within infected individuals. Metagenomics, a powerful tool for analyzing genetic material from diverse microorganisms, has emerged as a promising approach for uncovering co-infections in COVID-19 patients. This review aims to assess the current state of metagenomics-based studies focused on identifying co-infections in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study is a review of the literature collected from the search engine Google Scholar and PubMed Electronic Database with the keywords: “COVID-19”, “Co-infection”, and “Metagenomics”. We looked for publications published in any language between 2020 and 2023. We obtained the original articles of each relevant and reported research design, and 21 eligible articles were found for inclusion in the analysis. Co-infection has been shown in several studies to exacerbate patient clinical problems to varying degrees. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology can simultaneously show all infections present in organisms. Metagenomics analysis has increased the diagnostic level of the pathogen and provided valuable insights into the microbial landscape of COVID-19 patients, uncovering the prevalence and impact of co-infections.

Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack)

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The mechanism of action of antioxidant is related to several diseases that cause health problems, such as: anti- inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombogenic and anti- tumor. This disease is caused by oxidative stress which occurs due to free radicals. Secondary metabolite compounds from medicines plants such as phenolic and flavonoids compounds are sources of antioxidant. The sungkai plant (P. canescens Jack) contains flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. Therefore, this plant could be used as natural antioxidant source. The aim of the present study was to evaluated the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of sungkai leaves (P. canescens Jack) using the DPPH method. The sungkai leaves powder was macerated with methanol for 3x24 hours and partitioned the concentrated extract with different solvents such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. The ethyl acetate extract was selected to further fractionated using VLC method with n-hexane: ethyl acetate with gradient as eluent. The antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH method with different concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm. The ability of antioxidant activity in the ethyl acetate extract of sungkai leaves was indicated by the change in DPPH colour from purple to yellow after incubation for 30 minutes. The ascorbic acid was used as positive control. The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated using VLC method to afford subfractions FEA, FEB, FEC, FED, and FEE. The antioxidant activity of FEA, FEB, FEC, FED, and FEE sub-fractions exhibited the strong antioxidant activity with the IC50 values of 0.848, 4.635, 3.277, 2.055, and 0.689 ppm, respectively. From the above findings, it is concluded that sungkai leaves have potential as natural antioxidant source particularly from ethyl acetate extract. However, the purification is still needed to identify the bioactive compounds which have potential as antioxidant activity.

Study of The Antibacterial Activity of Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli Combination of Butterfly Pea Flower Extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) and Honey

Sahira Josy Arifannisa, Dewi Sartika, Sussi Astuti — Thu, 14 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Butterfly pea flower is a herbal plant where every part of the plant has properties. The high anthocyanin content in butterfly pea flowers shows antimicrobial properties. Apart from it, honey is also a natural ingredient that has antimicrobial performance, because the flavonoids in honey are antibacterial. Antimicrobials are materials used to eradicate microbial infections in humans, including antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants and preservatives. Antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method. There are 5 levels of concentration of the combination of butterfly pea flower extract and honey, namely F1 (100%: 0%), F2 (75%: 25%), F3 (50%: 50%), F4 (25%: 75%), F5 (0 %: 100%). The inhibition zone of

100% concentration of butterfly pea flower is 9.9 mm, the combination concentration (75%, 25%) has inhibition zone of 7.1 mm, the combination concentration (50%, 50%) shows an inhibition zone of 11.4 mm, the combination concentration ( 25%, 75%) has inhibition zone of 11.3 mm, and in honey with a concentration of 100%, an inhibition zone of 11.3 mm was obtained against Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone of 100% concentration of butterfly pea flower is 7.9 mm, the combination concentration (75%, 25%) has inhibition zone of 7.3 mm, the combination concentration (50%, 50%) shows an inhibition zone of 9.7 mm, the combination concentration ( 25%, 75%) has inhibition zone of 8.0 mm, and in honey with a concentration of 100%, an inhibition zone of 12.4 mm was obtained against Eschericia coli. Based on the research, it is concluded that butterfly pea flower has antibacterial potential in the medium category and honey in the strong category. The combination of butterfly pea flowers and honey in concentrations of (50%, 50%) and (25%, 75%) against Staphylococcus aureus shows strong antibacterial power, but 100% concentration honey has the strongest inhibitory power against Eschericia coli.

Drug Utilization of Analgesics and Other Co-administered Medications in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at the Hospital

Sonlimar Mangunsong, Nabilah Putri Rizqi, Sarmalina Simamora — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms experienced by cancer patients and often becomes a common complaint post-treatment. Analgesics are necessary to treat pain. Analgesics are medications utilized to reduce or eliminate pain without inducing loss of consciousness. However, the specific analgesics used may vary depending on the severity of the pain. Therefore, the objective of this research is to provide a more detailed overview of the utilization of analgesics and other co administered medications in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study is an observational research. Data were obtained retrospectively using the medical records of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Palembang Hospital from January to December 2020, employing purposive sampling method, and subsequently analyzed descriptively. The sample consisted of 45 medical record data. Therapeutic data for cancer patients included the observation of the use of single or combination cytostatic drugs, such as doxorubicin and docetaxel, the combination of docetaxel and carboplatin, as well as other adjunct medications described descriptively. From the 45 collected medical records of cancer patients, the results indicate that analgesics were not administered to cancer patients. Instead, non-pharmacological therapy, specifically deep breathing relaxation techniques, was employed by the patients. The combination of cytostatic drugs, doxorubicin, and docetaxel, was used in 23 patients (82.14%) for breast cancer patients, and a combination of docetaxel and carboplatin was utilized in 7 patients (41.18%) for lung cancer patients. Other adjunct medications included anti-inflammatory (dexamethasone), antiemetic (ondansetron), antacid (omeprazole), antihistamine (diphenhydramine), and vitamins. The administration of the anti- inflammatory dexamethasone has replaced the use of analgesics, which were not given at all to cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Implementation of Organic Waste Bank in Pagar Alam City as an Effort to Reduce Micro-Scale Greenhouse Gases

Timur Ahadi Santoso, Udin Hasanudin, Endro Prasetyo Wahono — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Organic Waste Bank is one of the efforts that can be implemented by the Pagar Alam City Government by
empowering the community to reduce the micro-scale greenhouse gas content of various unmanaged and untreated
organic waste in landfills. The organic waste produced can be processed into different valuable products, one of which
is for energy and agriculture. The active role of the community dramatically determines the success of reducing waste
that is wasted in landfills or open places. This journal review aims to determine the magnitude of the impact of physical
air quality on the implementation of organic waste banks to reduce micro-scale greenhouse gas emissions. Descriptive
analysis of organic waste characteristics, comparative analysis between before and after the implementation of organic
waste banks and economic analysis as a form of program evaluation that has a significant impact on the community.
The result of this study is a significant decrease in organic waste in various places in Pagar Alam City by up to 25%
because it has an economic value from community participation. In addition, greenhouse gases are controlled by up to
25% on a micro-scale. The implementation of organic waste banks in Pagar Alam City to reduce micro-scale greenhouse
gas emissions has a significant positive impact, so it can be applied in various areas that have similar problems

The Impact Of The Buteyko Breathing Technique On Patients With Bronchial Asthma In Terms Of Breathing Patterns: A Systematic Review

Yofa Anggriani Utama, Sutrisari Sabrina Nainggolan, Aris Citra Wisuda — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Leukotrienes, mast cells, eosinophils, and other inflammatory cells are among the numerous inflammatory cells involved in asthma, which is a long-term inflammatory disease of the respiratory system. The airway hyperresponsiveness linked to this chronic inflammation results in recurrent episodes and extra wheezing noises. breathing difficulties, a heaviness in the chest, and coughing, particularly in the morning and evening. Objective: The goal is to ascertain how patients with bronchial asthma breathe differently after using the Buteyko breathing technique. Method: A systematic review was the design employed. Electronic journal database, posted 2018–2023, from Pubmed, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, utilizing PICO to create organized research questions. Results: Eight articles that met the inclusion criteria were found out of a total of 1841 articles. These articles underwent analysis, classification, and discovery.

The Possible Role of Annual Mugwort (Artemisia Annua) in Arthritis

Yuliana Yuliana — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Annual mugwort (Artemisia annua) is commonly found in Asia. Besides its antimalarial effect, Artemisia annua might have some roles in arthritis due to its bioactive components. Objective: The paper aims to describe the possible role of annual mugwort (Artemisia annua) in treating arthritis. Methods: This paper is a narrative literature review. Literature was chosen from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Selected journals were published within 10 years. Results: Artemisia annua is well known in Asia, Europe, Australia, and America. The sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin compound in this medicinal plant is related to the antimalarial effect. The main components are flavonoids, phenolic acids, sesquiterpene lactones, and coumarins. It is often used in the treatment for dysentery, malaria, jaundice, tuberculosis, hemorrhoids, and autoimmune disease. Recently, it was found that Artemisia annua has some unique properties such as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. Based on these properties, Artemisia annua is developed as a natural remedy for osteoarthritis. Artemisia annua leaves also diminish the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. Conclusion: In conclusion, the possible role of Artemisia annua in arthritis might be related to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies are needed to explore the possible dosage, contraindication, and side effects.

Media Expert Eligibility of Youth Athlete Nutrition Calculator: “Smartwebcalc”

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Proper nutrition is very important for an athlete's health. The increase in energy requirements is influenced by metabolism during athletes' exercise. Adolescent athletes' consumption habits of unhealthy food and drinks are very high. Nutrition education is very important to increase athletes' knowledge and understanding of healthy and balanced food. The web application can be used to determine the nutritional status and food intake of adolescent athletes. Study on the development of the athlete nutrition calculator "SmartWebCalc" can be used as an application that can be applied to athletes. To determine the experts eligibility in the athlete nutrition calculator media "SmartWebCalc". This was a quantitative descriptive research and an initial stage of research, namely the creation and development of the youth athlete nutrition calculator: "Smartwebcalc". The adolescent athlete nutrition calculator media contains calculations of nutritional needs and estimates of the daily menu for athletes aged 12-20 years. In this research, a media feasibility test was carried out including the main menu consisting of the home page, checking the nutrition calculator, measurement results, FAQ (Frequently Ask Questions), about Smartwebcalc, contact, logo, and nutrition and health articles involving experts at IT and Nutrition field. The data was analyzed descriptively to determine the average assessment score from expert testing. Expert validation test results on the home page in terms of interface (feasible), language (very feasible), gender in terms of interface and language (very feasible), age in terms of interface (quite feasible), language (feasible), activity in terms of interface and language (quite feasible). In the menu the measurement results in terms of interface and language (feasible), FAQ in terms of interface and language (feasible), About Smartwebcalc in terms of interface and language (very feasible), Contact in terms of interface and language (feasible), Logo in terms of interface and language (feasible), and nutrition and health articles in terms of interface and language (feasible). SmartWebCalc media as an athlete nutrition calculator is suitable for use and application to teenage athletes as an online educational media. "Smartwebcalc" is suitable for use by teenage athletes.

The Diagnostic Characteristic of Dementia Associated Pathologic Feautures of The Brain : A Descriptive Study

F Zahra, F Rachmi — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dementia is defined by the progressive and sustained declined in cognitive function. Brain athropy, vascular disease of the brain, and brain mass are the most prevalent manifestations of dementia. Further, strong evidence revealed DM (Diabetes Melitus) and Hypertension as prominent risk factors. This results from cellular dysmetabolism and structural damage of the brain. Structural imaging should be performed in the assessment of dementia to established the subtype diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathologic features of the brain using MRI Brain on patient with dementia in Dr Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. A quantitative descriptive was conducted in patients suffering from dementia undergoing MRI Brain in Dr Moewardi hospital, Surakarta from April 2022 to October 2023. During this study period, there were 11 patients included in our study were diagnosed with vascular dementia (n=9 ; 81.8%) and alzheimer dementia (n=2 ; 18.2%). It is being observed that vascular disease of the brain e.g. infark or ischemia was present in all participants (n=11 ; 100%). Brain athropy occured in 8 patients (72.7%) particularly medial- temporal lobe atrophy (n=4 ; 50%), parietal lobe atrophy (n=1 ; 12.5%), and cortical atrophy (n=5 ; 62.5%). Two incorporated cases observed with parietal and medial-temporal lobe atrophy (n=1) and medial-temporal and cortical atrophy (n=1). No case of brain mass observed. Diagnostically, hypertension presents in 10 (90.1%) patients and 1 (9.1%) patient associated with DM type 2. Dementia associated pathological features of the brain caused by cellular dysmetabolism and structural damage of the brain.

Secrets Unfold: The Role of Gut Microbiome in Cancer

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The gut microbiota refers to the most diverse and dense complex population of bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract and abundantly present approximately 1010-1012 cells per gram of luminal content, which plays a vital role in metabolism and protection. The imbalance of microbial populations in the gut, known as gut dysbiosis, increases the risk of developing numerous types of cancer because it weakens the intestinal epithelial barrier and triggers systemic inflammation. This review wishes to briefly discuss the role of gut microbiome in cancer based on previous studies. This is a literature review where references were obtained from four databases (NCBI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Research Gate) for the last five years. Gut dysbiosis is known to be related to insufficient DNA repair mechanisms. A few pathogenic bacteria create genotoxic compounds, raising the chance of mutations and growth of tumors. Identification of several microbial signatures linked to various cancer types leads to advancements in cancer detection, where it can be identified by testing bacterial species or microbial metabolites, which also offer a non-invasive way to monitor and diagnose cancer by examining the microbial DNA or microbial markers in stool or blood samples. By recognizing microbial carcinogens, cancer cases may be treated with antibiotics for modifying gut microbiota. Clinical trials are also being conducted on prebiotics, which show potential in improving antitumor immunity and treatment response in melanoma and colon cancer. A study of patients with colorectal cancer showed that some microbial species were found in individuals with poor prognoses, whereas those with better prognoses were linked to another microbial species. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may provide novel therapeutic targets and serve as a good indicator for predicting cancer prognosis. This unique method has the potential to transform cancer prognosis and therapy.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of DNA Quality Using the Short Tandem Repeat Combined DNA Index System (STR CODIS) –TH01 in Forensic Identification

Egita Windrianatama Puspa , Ahmad Yudianto, Mieke Sylvia Amiatun Ruth — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Evidence identification methods are developing towards molecular DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) forensics for personal identification, tracing genetic relationships and tracking the source of biological material. The identification process using DNA has many variations, one of which is through Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis. This study aims to analyze DNA touch quality on face shields by giving using STR CODIS TH01. The sample consisted of 2 respondents determined by random sampling. Respondent I was used to measure DNA quality on day 1 and respondent II was used to measure DNA quality on day 7. The quality of DNA on face shields was different on day 1 and day 7. On day 1, the average DNA content was 1.29, while on day 7 the average DNA content was 1.22 with an average daily environmental temperature of 28.75^oC and average daily humidity of 89.5%.The conclusion is DNA quality experienced changes in different exposure times as indicated by the average DNA levels on day 1 and day 7. Differences in DNA quality still provide good visualization results on gel electrophoresis so that it can still be used as identification material, especially forensic identification.

The Government's Role in Skincare Containing Mercury Exceeds The Threshold That Endangers Health

Ade Tiffany Pasha , Melisa Melisa, Raesitha Zildjianda — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BPOM explained that throughout 2022, 1,541 illegal cosmetic products were found throughout Indonesia. A series of products found include HN cream, Natural 99, to Temulawak cream. There are 81,456 links to illegal cosmetics sales in 2022, and from January to April 2023 there are 40,339 links. Not infrequently in the skincare contains mercury that exceeds the threshold set by BPOM. Mercury is one of the harmful ingredients that are widely used in skin lightening and anti-aging products. If used continuously it will cause side effects that are very dangerous to health such as central nervous system damage and cancer. The formulation of the problem in this study is (1) whether the impact of skincare containing mercury exceeds the threshold if used routinely for health (2) how law enforcement is carried out by the government against skincare containing mercury. The method used in this study is normative, with data sources obtained from: books, journals, articles. Legislation, etc. The result of this study is the use of Mercury (Hg) in cosmetics can have side effects in the form of skin discoloration that causes dark spots on the face, allergies and skin irritation. Long-term use of cosmetics containing Mercury (Hg) can cause permanent damage to the brain, kidneys and fetal development disorders for pregnant women. While Rhodamine B dye is very dangerous if it hits the skin, eyes or inhaled. The impact that occurs in the form of skin irritation, eye irritation, respiratory and digestive tract irritation and has the potential to cause liver cancer. The presence of Rhodamine B cannot be metabolized by the liver, causing disruption of liver function. Besides being harmful to the health of the human body, mercury is also harmful to the environment, namely water, air and soil, until it is completely wasted from the system through burial in deep-sea sediments or lake sediments, and through trapping or entrapment into stable mineral compounds, Law enforcement that can be done by the government against skincare containing mercury is carried out with supervision and given administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions.

Lennox Gastaut In Pediatric : A Case Series

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of childhood epilepsy characterised by various types of generalised seizures, a noticeable deceleration in intellectual development, and a distinct EEG pattern. Those afflicted with LGS may have previously experienced infantile spasms or an underlying brain condition, though in some cases, the exact cause may be unknown (idiopathic). LGS seizures frequently resist conventional treatment, and the long-term prognosis is poor. Case Presentation: We present two Lennox-Gastaut syndrome cases. The first is a 3-year-old female who was diagnosed with brachycephaly at 3-months-old. Her initial EEG at 4-months-old revealed moderate right frontopolar hypofunction then a month later she underwent physiotherapy, and was prescribed valproic acid. At 2-year- old, the MRI displayed bilateral parieto-occipital cerebral atrophy and the EEG showed general slow-wave abnormalities in the left frontal region then the levetiracetam was added for her treatment. At the age of 2.5- year-old, levetiracetam was substituted by clobazam because the seizure didn’t improve so that the patient got combination therapy of valproic acid and clobazam, and then the seizure decreased after the substitution therapy. The second case is a 3-year-old girl who was diagnosed with hypocalcaemia at the age of 2 weeks. Three months later, she was diagnosed with epilepsy and the brain CT scan showed encephalomalacia, microcephaly and cerebral atrophy. At the age of two she was eventually diagnosed with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome with a particular EEG showing general slow-wave abnormalities. Initially she was treated with valproic acid and phenobarbital. Since there was no improvement of the seizure frequency, levetiracetam was added and phenobarbital was substituted by clobazam, which fortunately cause better condition.

Discussion: The cases highlight the challenges of managing LGS, which tends to be drug-resistant and associated with developmental delays and cognitive impairment. They underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize care and enhance the patient's quality of life. This report serves as a reminder of the complexity of LGS and the importance of customizing treatment strategies to meet the unique needs of each patient.

The Impact of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption on the Increase of Degenerative Diseases Incidence: A Scoping Review

Alfia Rusfianti, Vitri Widyaningsih, Nur Hafidha Hikmayani — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Currently, degenerative diseases are not only experienced by elderly people, but also in teenagers and adults. The disease is triggered by an unhealthy lifestyle, such as lack of physical activity and poor diet. Poor diet, such as high consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF), can trigger various health problems. UPF has low nutritional quality but has high energy, fat, and salt content. UPF may therefore trigger an increase in the incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer in society. Objective: This review aims to summarize and present the research evidence relating to the relationship between UPF consumption and the incidence of degenerative diseases in the community. Methods: The researchers used a scoping method by collecting and selecting relevant literature related to the consumption of UPFs associated with the incidence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, CVD, and cancer within the last 5 years (2018-2023) through Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Respondents in this study were between the ages of 18 to 85 years. Results: From 7.937 articles within the last 5 years (2018-2023), nine articles were selected for further identification. The articles consisted of four cohort studies, a cross-sectional study, a multi-case-control study, a randomized control trial, and two reviews which were conducted among adolescents and adults in several countries. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the consumption of UPFs and an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, CVD, cancer, and even death, with a greater proportion of female respondents experiencing these various problems.Conclusion: This review highlights the negative impacts of UPFs, where higher consumption of UPF has led to the increased incidence of non-communicable diseases in the community, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, CVD, and cancer.

Ohtahara Syndrome: A Case Report

Amanda Saphira Wardani, Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani, Luthfia Romadhoni — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Ohtahara syndrome is a rare epileptic encephalopathy in children which usually presents at early age, characterized by an abnormal EEG and intractable seizure. We reported a 18-day-old male infant with seizure frequency of 20 times a day. Physical examination showed normal vital sign and general condition. Neurological assessment revealed an increase of physiological reflexes. An electroencephalogram was performed and showed burst suppression pattern suggested Ohtahara syndrome. An abnormality was found in non-contrast brain CT scan. The patient was managed with antiseizure medication. Subsequently, the patient showed an improvement. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis, proper management, and prognosis of children with Ohtahara syndrome.

Spiritual Nursing Care : An Overview Of Spiritual Needs In Coronary Heart Disease Patients At Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital Palembang

Aris Citra Wisuda, Tukimin bin Sansuwito, Citra Suraya — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Spiritual needs are inherent to individuals seeking life's purpose, imbuing existence with meaning, and fostering love and belonging. During times of anxiety, individuals often turn to prayer, finding solace and healing in proximity to the Divine. Recognizing the significance of spiritual needs, especially among those confronting heart disease, becomes crucial for enhancing their quality of life and enthusiasm. Objective: This study aims to delineate the spiritual needs of coronary heart disease patients at Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital in Palembang. Method: Employing a quantitative descriptive research approach, the study unfolded from April 12 to June 10, 2023. Using total sampling, 84 respondents participated, and the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) facilitated data collection. Univariate analysis served as the data analysis technique. Results: In the Religiousness Domain, 89.5% deemed it very important; in the Inner Peace Domain, 74% expressed its significance; in the Existential Domain, 86.67% emphasized its essence; in the Actively Giving Domain, 72.25% considered it necessary. Overall, 84.5% perceived spiritual needs as essential, 15.5% as moderately significant, with no respondents indicating insignificance. Conclusion: In 2023, the majority of coronary heart disease patients at Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital in Palembang deem spiritual needs as essential, underscoring their integral role in patient well-being.

Suspected Fahr Syndrome in a 5-year-old girl: Case Report

Arsistya Ayu Marella, Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani, Nadhira Yasmin — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Fahr syndrome, a rare condition with a prevalence of less than 1 in 1,000,000, is an inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal calcium deposits in brain regions governing motor function. While it predominantly afflicts adult people it can also manifest in children, who may exhibit neurodevelopmental issues, including microcephaly, neonatal seizures, cerebral atrophy, encephalopathy, and typically bilateral cerebral calcifications in the basal ganglia. Brain CT scan is the most sensitive modality in localizing and assessing the extent of calcium deposits. The prognosis is highly variable and unpredictable. Report: We present the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented with recurrent seizures, fever, and cough. She had suffered from frequent seizures since the age of 8 months and was diagnosed with epilepsy at 1 year of age. The patient was malnourished, and blood tests indicated decreased calcium levels. A CT scan of the head revealed multiple bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia and cerebellar hemisphere, along with cerebral atrophy, indicative of Fahr Syndrome. Conclusion: Clinical presentation, including microcephaly, seizures, cerebral atrophy, hypotonia, and tremors, alongside radiological findings, strongly suggest Fahr syndrome. Symptomatic treatment includes oral anticonvulsants (valproic acid and levetiracetam) to mitigate seizures have shown gradual improvement.

The Cost of Dark Triad Personality: A Bibliometric Analysis

Aryan Danil Mirza, Tamara Nisa, Stephanie Angelina, Wenni Aditya, Neny Desriani — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Research related to dark triad personality has been around since 2010 until now. Dark Triad personality plays an important role on many aspects in organization. Therefore, the Dark Triad personality must be understood thoroughly. This research aims to examine the current literature on Dark Triad and Cost by examining publication trends, citation analysis, most cited authors, overarching themes as well as to help collect the existing literature on Dark Triad and Cost to direct future research. Our research uses bibliometric methods by observing 37 research publication documents from the Scopus database for 2010-2023. Metadata was analyzed using Microsoft Excel for frequency analysis, VOS viewer for data visualization, and Harzing's Publish or Perish for citation metrics. The number of publications on Dark Triad and Cost has increased significantly. Most articles are published in journals and in English. This study identified widely discussed themes and possible themes for future research. Research on the Dark Triad and Cost is increasing in number and is being carried out with a multidisciplinary approach by authors from various countries. Finally, this research also proposes several future research paths for the Dark Triad and Cost. In future research, it is recommended to expand the use of the database and include more fields in search queries. Furthermore, we have identified some potential research themes which connected to dark triad personality and can explored in the future, like romantic relationships, life history strategies, deceptive impression management, brain mapping, amygdala, cost-benefit analysis, break-up, and brain regions.

FORMULATION OF MELON WATER CREAM PREPARATION (Curcumis melo L. ) AS A SKIN MOISTURIZER

Ayu Maryuni , Mayaranti Wilsya , Yeni Agustin — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Environmental factors such as extreme sunlight may disrupt skin’s moisture balance and cause tthe skin to dry out. The skin is a part of the human body that acts as a protector from external stimuli and disturbances. A common skin problem is dry skin. The problem of dry skin can be overcome by using skin care products such as moisturizing cream preparations. Melon fruit contains sucrose humectant compounds that can attract water to the epidermis layer of the skin and hydrate the skin, and have antioxidant properties that prevent the negative effects of free radical formation. This study aims to determine the formulation of melon water cream preparations (Cucumis melo L .) as a moisturizer by varying the concentration of melon water and knowing the physical quality evaluation of melon water cream preparations (Cucumis melo L.). In this study, the concentration of melon water used was 0% (FI), 15% (FII), 25% (FIII), and 35% (FIV).

Evaluation of the preparation includes physical quality tests (organoleptis, pH, dispersion, adhesion, emulsion type, humidity and stability). An increase in the water concentration of melon fruits was able to add increased humidity. The best formula that meets the test specifications both before and after the cycling test is FII (Melon juice 15%) with pH 6.4, dispersion 6cm, adhesion 07.24 seconds, cream type M/A, humidity 52.3%. The conclusion of the research results that melon water cream (Cucumis melo L.) is able to moisturize the skin.

Mechanisms of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Acute Kidney Injury

Azma Rosida , Nia Kania, Mohammad Rudiansyah, Fujiati Fujiati — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline in kidney function. AKI is at risk of progressing end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Increasing evidence suggests inflammation and oxidative stress important role in the pathogenesis of AKI. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in AKI. Methods were conducted following the literature review guidelines. Inclusion criteria were reference sources less than 5 years old and data related to inflammation and oxidative stress in AKI. Exclusion criteria were manuscripts that were not fully accessible and unverified sources. AKI is commonly caused by reduced renal blood flow, structural damage to the kidney, and inflammation / obstruction. Cellular damage and molecular products are the main triggers of inflammation and the resulting ROS. Reperfusion increases ROS that activate various pathways causing cell membrane, cytoskeleton and DNA injury. The adaptive response after AKI is the repair of renal function and structure, but maladaptive responses can occur by inflammatory persistence, fibroblast proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. AKI involves complex interactions between the renal parenchyma and the immune system resulting in inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress leading to impaired renal function.

Investigation of Adding Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) as an Inhibitor of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Chynthia Gustiyanda Patraini, Suharso Suharso, Buhani Buhani — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The oil and gas industry requires scale inhibitors due to the inability to control scale formation which can cause many operational and economic problems. When oil and gas flow through a pipeline system, especially at certain temperature and pressure conditions, scale can form as a result of chemical reactions between minerals in the pipe walls. Decreased flow, increased pressure, or even equipment damage can be caused by this scale. The use of scale inhibitors is very important to stop scale formation, optimize the performance of production infrastructure, and maintain operational sustainability in the gas and oil industry. To overcome this, in this study ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) was used as a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale inhibitor using a method without the addition of crystal seeds (unseeded experiment) at a temperature of 90oC with variations in the concentration of the growth solution of 0,05; 0,075 and 0,1 M and inhibitor variations of 5,15,25,35, and 45%. The most effective percent effectiveness value obtained at a growth solution concentration of 0,05 M and an inhibitor concentration of 5% was 86.9%. The use of EDTA as a CaCO3 scale inhibitor using the unseeded experiment method can be considered as a solution as a scale inhibitor whose application can be used in the oil and gas industry.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Treatment for Post-Traumatic Myositis Ossificans: A Case Report and Short Literature Review

Desy Kurniawati Tandiyo, Selfi Handayani, Elian Devina — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Myositis Ossificans (MO) is a benign bone formation in a extra-skeletal location. The most common subtype of MO, the post-traumatic, usually develops after a traumatic event. Patients usually present with pain and joint stiffness. The aim of treatments are to decrease pain and joint stiffness. Objectives : The aim of this case report was to document the physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) treatment of a patient who had post-traumatic myositis ossificans. Case Presentation: A 62-years-old man developed MO as a result of a chronic traumatic injury. He was suffering from weakness in motion of the hip joint, and felt severe pain (VAS=7-8) since 1 year ago. History of falls recognized 2 years ago. The patient could not stand and walk. A radiograph showed MO. The patient received PM&R treatment once in a week for 6 months, consisted of infra-red, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, range of motion, and strengthening exercise. Result: After 6 months of treatment, patient felt the pain decreased (VAS=3-4). Patient could stand and walk with walker. A radiograph was no changed. Conclusions: This case report demonstrated the benefit of PM&R treatment in eliminating pain and joint stiffness of post-traumatic myositis ossificans, although radiographic imaging no changed.

Social Media and Youth’s Sugar-Craving Desire

Dinda Pitaloka, Andi Windah, Ahmad Riza Faizal — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Along with the shifting interests and motives of social media users, the amount of vlog material related to food and drink continues to increase. This is because one way to learn more about a product before purchasing it is to watch the relevant vlog. Instagram account @sigerfoodies also created content that reviews products including sugary drinks. Followers of @sigerfoodies can be affected by the content they create, depending on how open they are to the material. The rate of change in one's attitude will increase with exposure. Meanwhile, sugar consumption in Indonesia tends to be high, with teenagers becoming one of the largest consumers on the global scale. High-calorie intake obtained from sweetened beverages can increase the risk of non- communicable diseases such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus type II. This study is to find out how much exposure @sigerfoodies have to the desire to consume sugary drinks. This study used planned behavior theory to consider respondents whether or not after watching the @sigerfoodies show would like to consume sugary drinks. The approach used is a quantitative approach with a survey research method with a sample of 100 respondents who are followers of @sigerfoodies. Based on the hypothesis test results through the known t-test count = 6,540 with a significance level of 10% and t-table = 5,154, as the t count greater than t-table feeding H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. So it can be concluded that the @sigerfoodies (X) show has an effect on the desire to consume sugary drinks (Y) and has an influence of 30.7% and 69%.3% is influenced by other factors, with a relationship of 55.1% in the medium category. This study suggested that further studies could be conducted with a wider scope of research

Description Of Laboratory Results Of Patients With Co-Infection TB-HIV/AIDS at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Period May 2022-May 2023

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a high-risk factor for the development of TB cases. TB and HIV co-infection is a problem with case rates globally and in Indonesia still high. Information regarding characteristics such as age, gender, and laboratory results including hemoglobin levels and CD4 cell counts is needed to support prevention and treatment programs for TB/HIV co-infection. This research aims to determine the description of the laboratory results of TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection sufferers at Dr.Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang for the period May 2022-May 2023. This research uses descriptive observational research by observing medical record data and laboratory data at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang who met the inclusion criteria. The number of TB-HIV co-infection sufferers found at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang received 42 cases. The prevalence of sufferers is predominantly male (66%). Based on age, most were found at the age of 30-40 years (47.6%). From the results of the CD4 cell examination, most patients had a CD4 cell count <100 cells/mm3 (69%). Examination of hemoglobin levels was dominated by patients with low hemoglobin levels, namely (71.4%). The majority of cases of TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang for the period May 2022-May 2023 is male, aged 30-40 years , has a CD4 cell count <100 cells/mm3, low hemoglobin level (<13 (L)/ <12(P) g/dl).

Impact of Linezolid on Toxic Optic Neuropathy in Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The global burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has emerged as a significant public health challenge, necessitating the development and use of effective treatment regimens. Linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, has shown promise in the management of DR-TB due to its ability to inhibit the growth of mycobacteria that are resistant to traditional anti-TB drugs. However, its use has been associated with several adverse effects, one of which is toxic optic neuropathy (TON). Objective: This study aims to investigate the development of toxic optic neuropathy induced by linezolid in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis. Method: We report a case of a patient with drug-resistant tuberculosis who received linezolid therapy. The reported side effect was the onset of toxic optic neuropathy symptoms. Result: There are two MDR-TB patients who received linezolid therapy. Both patients have been undergoing treatment for one year. They reported complaints of blurred vision after nearly one year of receiving linezolid therapy. Visual acuity tests showed values of up to 2/60 in both eyes. Fundus photographs depict the condition of the patients' eyes, showing vision problems due to defects in the visual field and possible abnormalities in the macula and optic nerve head. Conclusion: There was a disturbance in visual function after undergoing treatment for resistant tuberculosis (TB-RO). Linezolid, which is part of this treatment regimen, is strongly suspected to be the cause of the side effect known as toxic optic neuropathy (TON). Visual acuity improved again after the linezolid therapy was discontinued. The mechanism by which linezolid causes TON is likely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of blood flow to the optic nerve, and nutritional factors.

Wild Cinnamon: Traditional Medicine to Relieve Colds in Communities Around Gunung Leuser National Park Indonesia

Emma Sri Kuncari — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Many people around the Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) conservation area, still depend on traditional medicine. The modern health service system is still unable to reach the population, some of whom still live in villages far from cities. The wild cinnamon, tidauruk (Cinnamomum cuspidatum Miq.) and tulang tiga (C. iners (Reinw.ex Nees & T.Nees) Blume) leaves are traditionally believed to have health benefits. Literature and research regarding these plants are still limited, not present in well-documented, formeven though these two plants are native to Indonesia, especially the islands of Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. Objective: The present study aimed to: (1) Identify and preserve the traditional knowledge of the GLNP community regarding the use of wild cinnamon; (2) Find out the chemical compound content of the two types of wild cinnamon. Methods: Direct observation and semi-structured interviews with 10 respondents and 3 key informants who are traditional healers. To determine the chemical content, a qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out. Research data is complemented by secondary data in the form of literature studies. Results: Wild cinnamon is used by the community around GLNP to relieve symptoms of colds, namely tidauruk (mild symptoms), and tulang tiga (moderate symptoms). These two types of wild cinnamon are used by drinking boiled water from the leaves. The chemical compounds contained in both types of wild cinnamon are the same, namely tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, steroids, essential oils, carotenoids, coumarins, and reducing sugars. Conclusion: From the above findings, it is concluded that tidauruk and tulang tiga are trusted by the people around GLNP to relieve symptoms of colds. Tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, steroids, essential oils, carotenoids, coumarins, and reducing sugars are the compounds contained in this wild cinnamon.

Correlation Between Nutritional Status and Physical Performance With Uric Acid Levels in The Elderly

Erika Nurwidiyanti , Santoso Santoso, Jefi Hidayat — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Gout is a degenerative disease and often occurs in the elderly. One of the causes of gout is nutritional disorders, where someone with an excessive body mass index (BMI) tends to have a higher risk of developing gout than someone with a lower or normal BMI. Physical performance is also closely related to uric acid levels in the blood. This research is to determine the correlation between nutritional status and physical performance with uric acid levels in the elderly at the Social Service Center of Tresna Werdha of Budi Luhur Bantul, Yogyakarta. Research design was a correlational descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique was simple random sampling with a sample size of 47 respondents. The research instruments used the Body Mass Index (BMI), the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire, and an easy-touch tool to check uric acid levels. Bivariate analysis uses Kendall's Tau test. There was a correlation between nutritional status and uric acid levels in the elderly with a p-value of 0.020 (< 0.05) with a low correlation (r value 0.326). There was a correlation between physical performance and uric acid levels in the elderly with a p-value of 0.027 (< 0.05) with a low correlation (r value 0.321). There was a significant correlation between nutritional status and physical performance with uric acid levels in the elderly with a correlation in the low category. Nurses can provide interventions such as exercise and uric acid checks regularly for the elderly so that the elderly's health status can be maintained.

Exploring the Landscape of Alzheimer's Disease and Exercise Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis and Visual Mapping from 2014 to 2023

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, imposing a significant economic burden on patients and society. While existing literature has confirmed the effectiveness of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for AD, there remains a lack of bibliometric studies focused on AD exercise research. To address this gap, this paper aims to provide an insightful analysis of the growth in AD exercise literature published from 2014 to 2023, using bibliometrics to offer historical insights for the scientific research community. Objective: This study's primary objective is to analyse the expansion of AD exercise literature through bibliometric methods, shedding light on historical trends and their significance in scientific research. Methods: A total of 1,552 documents were retrieved by conducting a title search on the Scopus database, utilizing Boolean operators "OR" and "AND" with keywords related to "exercise" and "Alzheimer's disease." Comprehensive bibliometric analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer, encompassing various factors such as countries, institutions, authors, and keyword terms. Results: A noteworthy Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) conducted in 2015, investigating the impact of factors, including diet and exercise, on cognitive decline in the elderly, emerged as the most influential article in the field, with an impressive 1,955 citations, underscoring its substantial impact and recognition within the scientific community. The year 2020 marked a remarkable increase in the publication of AD exercise-related articles, with a total of 206 papers being published. Conclusion: In the future, it is essential to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of multi-mode interventions that promote an active lifestyle, including exercise, across diverse global populations and settings. This study, by providing a global overview, tracing thematic evolution, and spotlighting future research trends in the AD exercise domain, serves as a guiding reference for future research endeavours in this field.

Neurofibroma: A Rare Case of Vulva Tumour

Fonda Octarianingsih Shariff — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Vulva tumors are neoplasms of the vulva that occur in small percentage (3%) of female genital cancers which can be benign or malignant or vulva cancer. Vulva neoplasms are divided into cystic or solid lesions and other mixed types. The most common benign tumors of the vulva are fibromas, papillomas, lipomas, angiomas, and others. A young woman, 25 years old, came to Bintang Amin Hospital OBGYN clinic, complaining of a huge mass in the front area of left labia major from one year before. She never had any examination before and felt the mass become larger and caused pain and obstacle in her daily activity. We found a huge pedunculated tumor, size 9 x 6 x 1.5 cm. After excision and pathological examination, we diagnosed the patient with benign neurofibroma and suggested follow up if another lesion or tumor occur.

The Influence of Health Education through Social Media: A Study on the Dietary Patterns and Healthy Lifestyle Habits of Adolescents

Galang Yopi Anwar , Andi Windah , Wulan Suciska — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The habit of adolescents frequently neglecting health aspects, particularly in their dietary patterns, has become a major concern. This makes them susceptible to the influence of unhealthy habits that can have negative impacts on their well-being. This research explores the consequences of the lack of attention to the health of adolescents, especially regarding dietary patterns, leading them to be trapped in unhealthy habits. This phenomenon is worrisome, considering adolescence is a critical period for shaping lifestyle patterns. The research also highlights the urgency of health education for adolescents, with a specific focus on social media use. Adolescents today tend to be active on social media platforms, which play a significant role in shaping their perceptions and behaviors. Therefore, health education through social media is crucial to convey relevant information and support the formation of healthy habits. The results of this research provide a deep understanding of the factors that make adolescents vulnerable to unhealthy consumption habits and emphasize the need for health education focused on social media platforms. These educational efforts are expected to help shift adolescents' paradigms toward health and encourage them to adopt healthy lifestyles from a young age.

Model of Determinant Factors Affecting Older People Quality of Life Among Suburban Elderly in Riau, Indonesia

Handayani Handayani, Ligat Pribadi Sembiring , Muhammad Rendi Alfarez — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Elderly people were one of the susceptible communities which should not be neglected because of their vulnerability in suffering diseases due to the aging process. It needs contributions from family cooperation, cadres and health workers’ care and local government’s support. This study was aimed to elaborate determinant factors affecting older people’s quality of life among suburban elderly in Riau Province, Indonesia. There were 42 elderly being interviewed using OPQoL and other questionnaires. Data was examined using SPSS and Smart PLS. Independent variables were age, gender, level of education, marital status, type of housemate. level of income, smoking habit, exercise activity, body mass index, abdominal circumference, knowledge score, level of health perception, health security and each scores consisting of activity of daily living (Barthel index), depression status (Geriatric Depression Scale), cognitive status (Abbreviated Mental Test and Mini Mental State Examination), fall risk (Hendrich and Morse Fall Scale), mini nutritional assessment, family support, quality of life using OPQoL and SF-36 questionnaires. Only four variables acting as determinant factors to older people quality of life i.e health security (p 0.004), health perception (0.006), AMT score (0.031) and social function score (p 0.016) proved by a formula using linear regression (p 0.007). It is concluded that health security, health perception and AMT score will increase OPQoL score, however, the social function score will decrease it.

IMPACT OF PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE PESTICIDE USE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Intan Safitri — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pesticides are nothing new in human life, especially farmers. Apart from having benefits for plants and humans, these pesticides also have negative effects that can be harmful to the surrounding environment and humans. According to the World Health Organization or WHO, in 2017 there were 18.2 disorders in every 100,000 people from all over the world due to health problems as a result of the use of pesticides. In fact, most people believe that using pesticides can protect plants and crops, livestock and fish from losses caused by various pests. Because with the help of pesticides, farmers believe they can avoid losses due to attacks by plant pests consisting of pests, diseases and weeds. So this paper was created with the aim of providing information about the use of pesticides and their impact on the environment, especially in the agricultural sector and their impact on humans. The method used is reviewing previous literature studies. Paraquat dichloride is a herbicide with the active ingredient 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride. This compound is toxic to plants and animals. Paraquat dichloride is also toxic to humans. Direct exposure or inhalation can cause severe lung damage and in some cases, can be fatal. The use of paraquat can cause negative impacts on the environment, especially if used incorrectly or excessively. This can include water and land pollution.

Chickenpox in Pregnancy : Case Study

Ismi Mulya Atfi — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious DNA herpes virus transmitted via respiratory droplets, direct contact, or rarely through the air. The primary infection causes a spreading vesicular rash commonly called chickenpox. Chickenpox pregnancy is rare, with 1-6 cases per 10,000 pregnancies. Infection in the mother during pregnancy can have serious impacts on the mother, fetus and newborn. The present study aimed to explain chickenpox in pregnancy. This is a case study that explains chickenpox in pregnancy. A 29 year old woman pregnant with her first child at 4 weeks' gestation, complained of red spots appearing, filled with water and sore since 2 days ago. The examination results showed that the hemoglobin level was 12.7g/dl, leukocytes 8.8 103/uL, platelets, 363 103/Ul, hematocrit 37.5%, clotting time 4, bleeding time 2, and blood glucose at 108 mg/day. Pregnancy causes a relative decrease in cellular immunity. This fact is explained by physiological immunosuppression in pregnancy. Immunosuppression in pregnancy makes the Varicella zoster virus (VZV) susceptible in pregnant women. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is transmitted through respiratory droplets, direct contact, or rarely through the air. The primary infection causes a spreading vesicular rash. Varicella infection between the 8-20th week of pregnancy, the fetus is at risk of developing congenital varicella syndrome, a rare syndrome associated with many abnormalities (chorioretinitis, congenital cataracts, cerebral cortex atrophy as well as varying degrees of extremity atrophy and skin scarring). Vaccination is a preventive measure for chickenpox and can reduce its severity. Pregnant women need appropriate treatment to prevent morbidity in the mother and defects in the fetus, as well as mortality in the mother and fetus.

Impact of Uncorrected Refractive Error on Junior High School Student’s Academic Performance

Muhammad Syauqie , Sutanto Priyo Hastono — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Uncorrected refractive error was the primary cause of visual impairments in children and can leading to delays in academic development. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between uncorrected refractive errors in children and their academic performance. Methods: Ninety-one students from three classes selected randomly at a public junior high school in Padang, Indonesia, were included in this study. All students were interviewed and then underwent visual acuity and refractive examination. Student’s academic performance was assessed based on student reports from the last two semesters. Results: Most students are emmetropic (56.0%); however, one-fourth (25.3%) have uncorrected refractive error. Most students with uncorrected refractive error (69.6%) have no history of wearing eyeglasses. The mean presenting visual acuity of students with the uncorrected refractive error was 0.22+0.13, significantly lower than emmetropic students and students with no significant/corrected refractive error (p<0.001). Students with an uncorrected refractive error have no significant difference in mean report marks (89.00+2.07) from students in the other two groups (p:0.379).Conclusion: Poor distance visual acuity did not correlate with poor academic performance. Concerning most students with uncorrected refractive error who did not have eyeglasses, the provision of spectacles is essential in providing reasonable distance visual acuity.

The Anti Breast Cancer Activity of Ficus deltoidea Jack : A Computational Analysis of Its Biological Activities

Rizky Clarinta Putri, Kusmardi Kusmardi, Rani Wardani Hakim — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer worldwide with total 2.3 million cases. Impaired apoptosis plays a central role in the development of breast cancer and can reduces the efficacy of traditional cytotoxic therapies. Ficus deltoidea Jack containing many beneficial chemical compounds especially vitexin, isovitexin, moretenol, luteolin, vicenin-2 and orientin which established anticancer effect. The aim of study was to investigate breast cancer activity of Ficus deltoidea Jack six bioactive compounds specifically on apoptosis using computational study. PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) was used to analyze the bioactive compounds. The analysis continues with an insilico study on protein Bcl-2 and Caspase

From molecular docking moretenol had highest docking score on Bcl 2 ( -7,99 kcal/mol) and caspase 3 (- 7,6 kcal/mol) compared to vitexin, isovitexin, luteolin, vicenin-2 and orientin. Based on PASS analysis, isovitexin, vitexin, orientin, luteolin and vicenin-2 could enhance TP53 gene expression which encodes the p53 tumor suppressor protein that is pivotal in apoptosis, while moretenol had activity as caspase 3 stimulant. These results can be a reference for further study whether in vitro or in vivo.

An assessment of Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Seed Extract Toxicity Effect at Graded Doses on Pregnant Mice Uterus, Kidney, Hepar, and Teratogenic Influence on the Fetus

Desy Armalina, Indah Saraswati, Neni Susilaningsih — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Various parts of this plant have a variety of important minerals, are a great source of vitamins, B carotene, protein, and amino acids, and can raise hemoglobin levels. Additionally, they share the same potential for preventing anemia in pregnant women as folic acid and iron supplements. Contrary to popular belief, Moringa oleifera leaves were commonly used as an abortifacient and to avoid unneeded pregnancy in the first trimester. After administering 100 mg/kg of the alcoholic extract, 100% of the rats miscarried. Contrarily, the alcohol extract, when administered at doses of 50 and 25 mg/kg body weight, respectively, resulted in abortion rates of 44.86% and 26.26%. This study intends to evaluate the teratogenic potential of moringa seed extract, its phytochemistry, and its effects on the uterus, hepar, and kidneys of pregnant mice.

Methods: Twenty-four pregnant female Balb/c mice were used in the experiment. Four groups were created from a random selection of them. Group K is allowed to have food and drinks at no cost. The doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg bb of moringa seed or stem extract were given to Group P1–P3 after 7–18 days of pregnancy. On day 19, a Cesar surgery was done to remove the uterus and count the number of fetuses that were alive and dead, as well as any disabilities and other morphological abnormalities. Phytochemicals are the subject of both quantitative and qualitative investigation. The kidneys and hepar are also removed in order to look for signs of organ degradation.

Results and discussions: No absorption or abortion occurred during this experiment. The endometrium and myometrium's histological appearance showed mild epithelial destruction, uterine gland damage, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The comparisons between K and P2, K and P3, and P1 and P3 were significantly compared. There was significant damage in the histopathological appearance. The comparisons between K and P2, K and P3 were significantly compared. Histopathology slide found necrosis and degeneration, especially hydropic degeneration and infiltration in lymphocytes and erythrocytes in the microscopic description of mice's kidneys. The comparisons between K and P1, K and P2, and K and P3 were significantly compared. Qualitative Phytochemical Tests on seeds and stems contained Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenolics, Tannins, and Steroids. The stems, roots, and flowers of M. oleifera may contain phytochemical elements that might be detrimental, particularly during pregnancy

Conclusion: In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Moringa seed does not exhibit any impact on the uterus. However, it does induce microdamage and inflammation in the kidney and liver.

Curcuma Extract as an Alternative and Safety Pain Reliever for Geriatric with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohammad Satrio Wicaksono, Clarissa Aulia Pravitha, Hamdi Ramadhan Daulay — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory joint disease that affects about 43 million people in the world with 80% of the geriatric population. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are usually used as pain relievers to reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis. However, treatment with NSAIDs is considered to cause certain side effects, so the treatment solution using turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) can be used as a main treatment instead of NSAIDs with minimal side effects. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of curcuma extract in the treatment of geriatric patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis were made with a systematic literature search method from four databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Inclusion criteria included experimental Randomized Control Trial (RCT) and discussed related topics. Results were shown as mean difference (MD) and standard deviation (SD). A fixed-effect model (FEM was used when the included studies were considered homogenous), which was indicated by an I² value of less than 40%. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2).

Result: This study included five randomized control trial studies with a total of 671 participants. VAS score declined with a significant pooled mean difference (MD) of -1.94 [95% CI : (-2.97) - (-0.92), P = 0.0002] with I² showing 99%. KOOS index with a significant pooled mean difference (MD) of 2.82 [95% CI: 1.48 - 4.16, P<0.0001] with I² showing 0%.

Conclusion: Herbal extracts have better efficacy and safety than placebo and are comparable to the use of NSAID drugs through mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant with minimal side effects.