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Abstract

The gut microbiota refers to the most diverse and dense complex population of bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract and abundantly present approximately 1010-1012 cells per gram of luminal content, which plays a vital role in metabolism and protection. The imbalance of microbial populations in the gut, known as gut dysbiosis, increases the risk of developing numerous types of cancer because it weakens the intestinal epithelial barrier and triggers systemic inflammation. This review wishes to briefly discuss the role of gut microbiome in cancer based on previous studies. This is a literature review where references were obtained from four databases (NCBI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Research Gate) for the last five years. Gut dysbiosis is known to be related to insufficient DNA repair mechanisms. A few pathogenic bacteria create genotoxic compounds, raising the chance of mutations and growth of tumors. Identification of several microbial signatures linked to various cancer types leads to advancements in cancer detection, where it can be identified by testing bacterial species or microbial metabolites, which also offer a non-invasive way to monitor and diagnose cancer by examining the microbial DNA or microbial markers in stool or blood samples. By recognizing microbial carcinogens, cancer cases may be treated with antibiotics for modifying gut microbiota. Clinical trials are also being conducted on prebiotics, which show potential in improving antitumor immunity and treatment response in melanoma and colon cancer. A study of patients with colorectal cancer showed that some microbial species were found in individuals with poor prognoses, whereas those with better prognoses were linked to another microbial species. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may provide novel therapeutic targets and serve as a good indicator for predicting cancer prognosis. This unique method has the potential to transform cancer prognosis and therapy.

Keywords

Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiome, Microbiota, Cancer

Article Details

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