Main Article Content
Abstract
A 23-year-old man presented to the hospital with shortness of breath, dizziness, and decreased level of consciousness. He was diagnosed with tuberculosis four years ago, but decided to stop taking his TB medication on the seventh day. Chest X-Ray A CT scan of his head revealed hydrocephalus. A hospital examination revealed MTB in his sputum and Cerebrospinal Fluid. Disseminated TB, which causes many complications because it can spread to all organs. Disseminated tuberculosis involves the blood, bone marrow, or liver, or the simultaneous involvement of at least two non-adjacent organs. Complications include TB meningitis, tuberculoma (which can develop into an SOL and hydrocephalus), and thrombocytopenia.
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References
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- Maurício, J., Flor-de-Lima, B., & Pacheco, P. (2020). Severe rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia in a patient with miliary tuberculosis [10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.09.005]. Pulmonology, 26(4), 247–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.09.005
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- Srividya, G., Nikhila, G. P., Kaushik, A. V., & Jayachandran, K. (2020). Immune thrombocytopenia in tuberculosis: causal or coincidental? IDCases, 23, e01012(0974-777X (Print)). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e01012
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References
Alkhatib, M., Elfert, K. A., Saleh, A. O., Elkourashy, S. A., Fadul, A. M., Taha, R. Y., Imam, Y. Z., & Fareed, S. (2021). Tuberculosis with immune thrombocytopenia: Case reports and review of the literature. Medicine: Case Reports and Study Protocols, 2(3). https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1097/MD9.0000000000000062
Esposito, S. B., Levi, J., Matuzsan, Z. M., Amaducci, A. M., & Richardson, D. M. (2020). A Case Report of Widely Disseminated Tuberculosis in Immunocompetent Adult Male. Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine, 4(3), 375–379.(2474-252X (Electronic)). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.3.46183
Huang, W., Fei, Z., Yan, B., Liu, X., Liu, P., Xia, L., Liu, H., Xi, X., Ye, D., & Shen, Y. (2024). Risk Factors for Disseminated Tuberculosis and Associated Survival in Adults Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus. pen forum infectious diseases, 12(1)(2328-8957 (Print)). https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae739
Jang, J. G., & Chung, J. H. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Jurnal kedokteran Universitas Yeungnam , 37 (4), 277–285.(2384-0293 (Print)). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00626
Khan, A. A., Shahzad, A., Javid, H., Fatima, T., & Yousaf, Z. (2021). Immune thrombocytopenia associated with tuberculosis – A case report. IDCases, 23, e01012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e01012
Khan, F. Y. (2019). Review of literature on disseminated tuberculosis with emphasis on the focused diagnostic workup. Journal of family & community medicine, 26(2), 83–91.(1319-1683 (Print)). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_106_18
Kilaru, S. C., Prasad, S., Kilaru, H., Anneela, R. R., Hasan, A., & Nandury, E. C. (2019). Active pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with acute respiratory failure. Respirology Case Reports, 7(7), e00460. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/rcr2.460
Manyelo, C. A.-O., Solomons, R. S., Walzl, G., & Chegou, N. A.-O. (2021). Tuberculous Meningitis: Pathogenesis, Immune Responses, Diagnostic Challenges, and the Potential of Biomarker-Based Approaches. LID - 10.1128/JCM.01771-20 [doi] LID - e01771-20. Journal of clinical microbiology, , 59(3), e01771-20(1098-660X (Electronic)). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01771-20
Maurício, J., Flor-de-Lima, B., & Pacheco, P. (2020). Severe rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia in a patient with miliary tuberculosis [10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.09.005]. Pulmonology, 26(4), 247–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.09.005
Murthy, P. R., A.K, A. K., N, N., & K.V, V. G. (2023). Adolescent tuberculosis in the ICU [Review]. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 70, S24–S28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.06.020
Nakao, A., Ishii, H., Igata, F., Kushima, H., Fujita, M., Hisano, S., & Watanabe, K. (2016). Disseminated tuberculosis with acute respiratory distress syndrome lacking granuloma formation in the lung. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 22(9), 638–641. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2016.02.002
Srividya, G., Nikhila, G. P., Kaushik, A. V., & Jayachandran, K. (2020). Immune thrombocytopenia in tuberculosis: causal or coincidental? IDCases, 23, e01012(0974-777X (Print)). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e01012
Wang, J. L., Yin, Q. Y., Han, C., Liu, F. L., & Wang, M. A.-O. (2021). Risk factors for death in tuberculosis patients requiring ICU care. Epidemiology and infection, 149, e22.(1469-4409 (Electronic).