Main Article Content
Abstract
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is psychiatric condition that arises following a traumatic experience and is closely linked with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Common among military veterans, disaster survivors, and abuse victims, PTSD can significantly impair daily functioning. Acupuncture has demonstrated potential in reducing psychological symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, which are commonly observed in patients with PTSD. This study aims to evaluate the role of acupuncture in managing PTSD symptoms. A literature search was conducted on June 10, 2024, using PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases with relevant keywords. Four studies were selected, including two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one systematic review, and one systematic review and meta-analysis. Acupuncture has been found to reduce amygdala activation, modulate amygdala functional connectivity, and balance the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, improving central network connectivity. Common acupuncture points include PC6 and auricular points such as MA-TF1 (Shenmen) and MA-IC (Heart). Results suggest that acupuncture may reduce PTSD symptoms, improve sleep quality, and decrease daytime dysfunction. However, further high-quality RCTs with standardized acupuncture protocols are needed.
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References
- Dhond, R. P., Yeh, C., Park, K., Kettner, N., & Napadow, V. (2008). Acupuncture modulates resting state connectivity in default and sensorimotor brain networks. Pain, 136(3), 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2008.01.011
- Engel, C. C., Cordova, E. H., Benedek, D. M., Liu, X., Gore, K. L., Goertz, C., Freed, M. C., Crawford, C., Jonas, W. B., & Ursano, R. J. (2014). Randomized effectiveness trial of a brief course of acupuncture for posttraumatic stress disorder. Medical Care, 52(12), S57–S64. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000237
- Feng, B., Zhang, Y., Luo, L. Y., Wu, J. Y., Yang, S. J., Zhang, N., Tan, Q. R., Wang, H. N., Ge, N., Ning, F., Zheng, Z. L., Zhu, R. M., Qian, M. C., Chen, Z. Y., & Zhang, Z. J. (2019). Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for post-traumatic stress disorder: assessor-blinded, randomized controlled study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 73(4), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12810
- Grant, S., Colaiaco, B., Motala, A., Shanman, R., Sorbero, M., & Hempel, S. (2018). Acupuncture for the treatment of adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 19(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2017.1289493
- Hui, K. K. S., Liu, J., Marina, O., Napadow, V., Haselgrove, C., Kwong, K. K., Kennedy, D. N., & Makris, N. (2005). The integrated response of the human cerebro-cerebellar and limbic systems to acupuncture stimulation at ST 36 as evidenced by fMRI. NeuroImage, 27(3), 479–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.037
- King, H. C., Spence, D. L., Hickey, A. H., Sargent, P., Elesh, R., & Connelly, C. D. (2015). Auricular acupuncture for sleep disturbance in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. Military Medicine, 180(5), 582–590. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00451
- Kwon, C. Y., Lee, B., Kim, S. H., & Tu, W. J. (2020). Effectiveness and safety of ear acupuncture for trauma-related mental disorders after large-scale disasters: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Medicine (United States), 99(8). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000019342
- Lehavot, K., Goldberg, S. B., Chen, J. A., Katon, J. G., Glass, J. E., Fortney, J. C., Simpson, T. L., & Schnurr, P. P. (2018). Do trauma type, stressful life events, and social support explain women veterans’ high prevalence of PTSD? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(9), 943–953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1550-x
- Mansour, M., Joseph, G. R., Joy, G. K., Khanal, S., Dasireddy, R. R., Menon, A., Barrie Mason, I., Kataria, J., Patel, T., & Modi, S. (2023). Post-traumatic stress disorder: a narrative review of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44905
- Miao, X. R., Chen, Q. B., Wei, K., Tao, K. M., & Lu, Z. J. (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder: From diagnosis to prevention. In Military Medical Research (Vol. 5, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-018-0179-0
- Qassem, T., Aly-ElGabry, D., Alzarouni, A., Abdel-Aziz, K., & Arnone, D. (2021). Psychiatric co-morbidities in post-traumatic stress disorder: detailed findings from the adult psychiatric morbidity survey in the english population. Psychiatric Quarterly, 92(1), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09797-4
- Tang, X., Lin, S., Fang, D., Lin, B., Yao, L., Wang, L., Xu, Q., Lu, L., & Xu, N. (2023). Efficacy and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture therapy for PTSD: evidence from animal and clinical studies. In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (Vol. 17). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1163718
References
Dhond, R. P., Yeh, C., Park, K., Kettner, N., & Napadow, V. (2008). Acupuncture modulates resting state connectivity in default and sensorimotor brain networks. Pain, 136(3), 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2008.01.011
Engel, C. C., Cordova, E. H., Benedek, D. M., Liu, X., Gore, K. L., Goertz, C., Freed, M. C., Crawford, C., Jonas, W. B., & Ursano, R. J. (2014). Randomized effectiveness trial of a brief course of acupuncture for posttraumatic stress disorder. Medical Care, 52(12), S57–S64. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000237
Feng, B., Zhang, Y., Luo, L. Y., Wu, J. Y., Yang, S. J., Zhang, N., Tan, Q. R., Wang, H. N., Ge, N., Ning, F., Zheng, Z. L., Zhu, R. M., Qian, M. C., Chen, Z. Y., & Zhang, Z. J. (2019). Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for post-traumatic stress disorder: assessor-blinded, randomized controlled study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 73(4), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12810
Grant, S., Colaiaco, B., Motala, A., Shanman, R., Sorbero, M., & Hempel, S. (2018). Acupuncture for the treatment of adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 19(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2017.1289493
Hui, K. K. S., Liu, J., Marina, O., Napadow, V., Haselgrove, C., Kwong, K. K., Kennedy, D. N., & Makris, N. (2005). The integrated response of the human cerebro-cerebellar and limbic systems to acupuncture stimulation at ST 36 as evidenced by fMRI. NeuroImage, 27(3), 479–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.037
King, H. C., Spence, D. L., Hickey, A. H., Sargent, P., Elesh, R., & Connelly, C. D. (2015). Auricular acupuncture for sleep disturbance in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study. Military Medicine, 180(5), 582–590. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00451
Kwon, C. Y., Lee, B., Kim, S. H., & Tu, W. J. (2020). Effectiveness and safety of ear acupuncture for trauma-related mental disorders after large-scale disasters: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review. Medicine (United States), 99(8). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000019342
Lehavot, K., Goldberg, S. B., Chen, J. A., Katon, J. G., Glass, J. E., Fortney, J. C., Simpson, T. L., & Schnurr, P. P. (2018). Do trauma type, stressful life events, and social support explain women veterans’ high prevalence of PTSD? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(9), 943–953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1550-x
Mansour, M., Joseph, G. R., Joy, G. K., Khanal, S., Dasireddy, R. R., Menon, A., Barrie Mason, I., Kataria, J., Patel, T., & Modi, S. (2023). Post-traumatic stress disorder: a narrative review of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44905
Miao, X. R., Chen, Q. B., Wei, K., Tao, K. M., & Lu, Z. J. (2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder: From diagnosis to prevention. In Military Medical Research (Vol. 5, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-018-0179-0
Qassem, T., Aly-ElGabry, D., Alzarouni, A., Abdel-Aziz, K., & Arnone, D. (2021). Psychiatric co-morbidities in post-traumatic stress disorder: detailed findings from the adult psychiatric morbidity survey in the english population. Psychiatric Quarterly, 92(1), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09797-4
Tang, X., Lin, S., Fang, D., Lin, B., Yao, L., Wang, L., Xu, Q., Lu, L., & Xu, N. (2023). Efficacy and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture therapy for PTSD: evidence from animal and clinical studies. In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (Vol. 17). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1163718